高等教育学生资助资源的分配

The Distribution of the Financial Aid for Students in the Higher Education

高等教育大众化条件下,学生资助是解决教育机会均等的重要措施,而高等教育学生资助资源的合理分配是实施这一举措的关键。受市场经济的影响,我国高等教育呈现出非国营化、去中心、自治和市场化特征,这必然影响到高等教育学生资助资源的配置。当前,高校学生资助资源由政府、社会和学校三大主体承担,政府是国家资助资源分配的主体,政府通过制订高等教育学生资助制度、划拨财政资金,来实现高等教育学生资助资源的合理分配,弥补市场和高校资助资源的非均衡配置状态。政府在资助资源分配过程中应坚持以下原则:按需分配,注重效率的原则;权利与义务对等,多元混合资助的原则;量力而行,能力与负担一致的原则;资助信息公开透明的原则。同时,政府还应建立资助信息平台,充分掌握资助资源供求状况,注重高等教育学生资助资源在各层次的分配,包括高等教育学生资助资源在不同区域间的分配;高等教育学生资助资源在同区域内不同高校间的分配;高等教育学生资助资源在同高校内不同专业间的分配;高等教育学生资助资源在同专业内不同个体间的分配。

With the popularization of higher education,the financial aid for the students is an important measure to realize education equality,while the reaso nable distribution of it is the key to carry out this measure.Because of the ma rket economy＇s influence,the higher education in China manifests the features such as denationalization,decentralization,autonomy,and marketization,which inevitably will affect the distribution of financial aid.At present,the financ ial aid resource is burdened by society,colleges,and government,while the gov ernment is the main body.By making system and transferring financial funds,the government realizes the reasonable distribution of financial aid to make up for the non-balanced distribution from market and higher educational institutes.I n the process of distributing,some principles should be followed such as the dis tribution on the basis of needs while emphasizing efficiency,the equality betwe en rights and obligation,taking the burden according to one＇s capability,and the transparent principle of aid information.At the same time,the government s hould also establish the information platform to grasp the situation of demand a nd supply and emphasize the distribution in different levels such as different r egions,different colleges in the same region,different majors in the same coll ege,and different individuals in the same major.