语言分析与概念分析

Linguistic Analysis and Conceptual Analysis

语言分析的根本是对语言背后的逻辑推理的分析。弗雷格开创了对语言进行逻辑分析的先河,通过分析语言中的量词变元揭示了句子的逻辑结构,进而说明了命题的性质。罗素的摹状词理论则是充分利用逻辑分析方法处理句子结构的典范。但与此不同,概念分析则是通过概念联系突出命题的概念内容。这种分析的重点不是语言表达式本身,而是语词或句子所表达的概念。概念分析的方法并不是追问概念本身的意义,而是寻求正确使用概念的条件,这在摩尔、后期维特根斯坦和斯特劳森的思想中得到了充分表现。

It is fundamental for linguistic analysis to analyze the logical inference underlying linguistic structures.Frege is the founder of logical analysis to languages.He clarified the nature of a proposition by analyzing quantifiers in language,which showed up the logical structure of sentences.Russell＇s theory of descriptions has been known as the paradigm of logical analysis to sentence structures.In contrast to linguistic analysis,conceptual analysis focuses on conceptual contents by linking concepts up.The objective of conceptual analysis is not linguistic expressions but concepts which words and sentences express out.The method of conceptual analysis is to search for,not meanings of concepts,but conditions in use of concepts in the right way.It is illuminated in those works of G.E.Moore,later Wittgenstein and Peter Strawson.