现代汉语词范畴认知研究——以《现代汉语词典》(第5版)为例

A Cognitive Study of Wordwood in Modern Chinese Based on The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary(5^(th) edition)

在现代汉语语法研究中,词与非词的区分是一大难点。从认知语言学、词典学、二语习得、语料库语言学等视角,基于"《现代汉语词典》(第5版)词类标注数据库",对现代汉语词范畴进行深入调研。结果表明,该词典所认可的现代汉语词范畴具有明显的原型效应,因而编者容易准确判断现代汉语词范畴的典型成员,而对其非典型成员则难以做出准确判断。现代汉语中词与非词的区分要以词的恰当定义为理论基础,以基于大型平衡现代汉语语料库的用法调查为操作依据,以方便学习者用户(尤其是对外汉语学习者用户)的语言产出为终极目的。

The distinction between words and non-words is a hard nut to crack in modern Chinese grammar studies.This paper made an in-depth survey of the category of modern Chinese words as recognized in the 5th edition of The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary（CCD5 for short） based on the Database of the POS Labeling Information in CCD5 from the perspectives of Cognitive Linguistics,lexicography,second language acquisition,and corpus linguistics.It is found that wordhood in modern Chinese as recognized in CCD5 shows prototype effects,and that the compilers of the dictionary judged the prototypical members of modern Chinese words with more accuracy,but had difficulties in judging the non-prototypical ones.It is argued that judgment of wordhood in modern Chinese should be based theoretically on the proper definition of word,and operationally on the usage survey in a balanced large-scale modern Chinese corpus,with the ultimate purpose of meeting the encoding needs of the learners of Chinese（especially learners of Chinese as a second language）.