宪法在民事纠纷中的司法适用机制比较研究——以美、德两国为中心

A Comparison of the Constitutional Applications in Civil Cases:Investigation Centre on US and German

宪法在民事纠纷中的司法适用是社会发展的要求,已成为一种世界现象,我国应当予以重视。美国宪法在民事纠纷中的司法适用机制是将一些私人行为视为"国家行为"而进行违宪审查,德国宪法在民事纠纷中的司法适用机制主要是运用宪法基本权利对第三者的间接效力理论由普通法院在处理民事纠纷时依照宪法来解释法律,间接适用宪法。二者在适用方式、适用范围和效力方面有明显的区别。德国的模式更值得我国仿效,我们可以借鉴德国的第三者间接效力理论,构建我国宪法在民事纠纷中的司法适用机制。

The judicial application of Constitution in civil dispute cases meets the requirement of social development and has become a world wide phenomenon,thus it should be taken into consideration in our country.In the United States,the judicial application of the Constitution in civil cases is to take the private conduct as ＂state action＂ and to conduct constitutional review.In Germany,it adopts the theory of ＂The effect of constitution to the third one＂.In dealing with civil cases,the judges put a constitutional interpretation on the law,an indirect constitutional application.The judicial applications in the two countries are different in terms of their manner,scope and efficacy.The German model is more worthy of our following.We may construct our mechanism of the judicial application in civil cases by following their theory.