“择务从事”与“言有三表”——论《墨子》中的言语交际原则

Ze Wu Cong Shi and Yan You San Biao:On the Principles of Communication in Mozi

墨家高度重视言语交际的社会功能。《墨子》关于言语交际的原则可以归纳为两条:"择务从事"与"言有三表"。"择务从事"原则体现了墨家的语境观。墨子认为言语交际不仅受社会政治环境的影响,而且交际场合、时机以及交际对象也制约着实际的交际效果。"言有三表"原则是对言语交际内容及目的的规定。墨子认为交际语言要根据历史经验;言语要符合事实;言语交际要有明确的目的。墨家关于言语交际方面的思想原则不仅在当时中具有一定的价值,而且对于今天建设社会主义公正、合理、健康、规范的语言秩序也有着重要意义。

Mohist attached importance to the social function of communication.Ze Wu Cong Shi and Yan You San Biao are the important principles in Mozi.The principle of Ze Wu Cong Shi embodies the context view of Mohist.Mozi considered that communication was influenced by the surroundings,place of making the communication,opportunity and whom you communication with.The principle of Yan You San Biao sets the content and aim of communication.Mozi maintained that the speech shoud be given with good grounds,tally with the facts and be of benefit to the country and the people.These principles of communication not only were of great value then but also have important meaning for building a socialism harmonius society.The principles contribute to build language order which is sound,fair and rational.