清代京畿灾荒与秩序控制——以乾隆朝顺天府通州告赈案为例

Famine and the Control of Social Order in the Qing Dynasty——Centering on Shuntian Prefecture Relief Case

灾荒容易诱发社会冲突,乾隆朝中期,顺天府通州发生了一起乡民告赈案,面对灾情,地方社会、地方官、皇帝分别采取了不同的处置措施。身处社会底层的普通民众采取群体告赈的方式,谋求生存权利;州县官在处理告赈事件的过程中,面临着来自地方社会与皇权的双重压力;乾隆帝以维护统治为首要原则,采取宽严相济的策略,及时调整赈济政策,缓和官民矛盾,从而到达秩序控制的根本目的。告赈案反映了清代国家与地方社会的多方互动关系。

Qianlong period,there occurred a relief case in Shuntian Prefecture.Face the event,there were different attitudes between the villagers,local officials and the Emperor.The villagers went to County,required that they should get relief.Faced the accident,the local officials bearing the double Pressure from the villagers and the Emperor.In order to maintain goernace order,Qianlong Emperor take the rational policy,relaxed the contradiction between the villagers and the local officials.Tongzhou event vividly reflected the Capital area＇s state of middle period of Qianlong Dynasty.The relations between state and local society in the Qing Dynasty is interaction.