试述马克思对人权的追问——从《论犹太人问题》到《哥达纲领批判》

ON MARX'S DETAILED INQUIRIES ABOUT HUMAN RIGHTS ——From <on the problems of Jews> to <Critique of the Gotha Programme>

马克思的人权思想是在对近代资产阶级虚伪人权观的批判中发展起来的,通过对政治解放对宗教的关系、政治解放对人的关系的深刻批判分析,深刻批判了资产阶级人权观的利己的本性,人权与公民权的二元分立。马克思以历史唯物主义为基础,指出无产阶级的科学人权理论是共产主义社会中的每个人的自由全面发展。

Marx＇ s thought of human rights developed with his critique of hypocritical bourgeoisie viewpoint of human rights in the modern times. He conducted a profound and critical analysis of the relationship between political liberation and religion, the relationship between political liberation and human being as well as a pro- found and critical analysis of the egoistic nature of bourgeoisie viewpoint of human rights and the separation of human rights from civil rights. Marx advanced a scientific theory of proletariat human rights based on historical materialism： everyone enjoys free and all -round development in communistic society.