意识形态和乌托邦——论中西交往中中国作为他者的形象建构

Ideology and Utopia:On Westerners’ Construction of the Image of China as the "Other"

在异国形象建构中往往存在两种不同的倾向,即意识形态和乌托邦。以形象研究的基本方法论为基础,通过对异国形象构建过程中常见的意识形态和乌托邦倾向进行本质的分析和研究,可以发现意识形态式的形象和乌托邦式的形象本身就只是一种社会想像,是一种关于他者的文化表述。其只是反映了形象建构者的文化心理,而这种文化心理归根到底还是形成于利己主义的基础之上的。在中西交往过程中,西方人塑造了大量意识形态和乌托邦式的中国形象,通过对西方构建的中国形象以及构建过程背后的心态进行剖析,我们也可以发现和论证这两种倾向的文化利己主义特点。

In image studies,the formation of foreign images is a process of self-realization and self-confirmation of a certain cultural identity,which is achieved by means of the descriptions of others.There are two kinds of tendency in the formation of foreign images： ideology and utopia.They are essentially social imaginations and cultural statements of others,which cannot be completely exact but just inflect the views and thoughts of foreign-image builders.A kind of cultural egoism is always embodied in these views and thoughts.In addition,this cultural egoism also can be found in the construction process of Western image of China.