中华猕猴桃性别分化的细胞形态学观察

Cytomorphological Observation on Sex Differentiation of Actinidia chinensis

采用石蜡制片和扫描电镜的方法对中华猕猴桃雌雄株花器官发育差异进行观察。结果表明:雄株花蕾的心室形成后无胚珠原基产生是造成雌蕊不育的主要原因;雌株花蕾的花药发育和小孢子发生至四分体时期与雄株无明显的差异,最终花粉败育主要是由于小孢子发育或雄配子体形成过程不正常所致。观察中发现,猕猴桃雄株的花药4室,绒毡层为腺质型,小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同时型,四分体为四面体型,成熟花粉粒为椭圆形,具3条萌发沟,属2-细胞型。

The developmental differences of the flowers between male and female plants of Actinidia chinensis were observed with paraffin section and scanning electron microscope（SEM）.The results showed that there was no any ovule primordium genesis in the ovary of male plant flowers,which ultimately resulted in their pistil infertility.The anther development and microsporogenesis on female plants were no obvious difference from the male plants until tetrad phase.The abnormal process of the microspore development or the male gametophyte formation finally lead to the female pollens abortion.The anthers from male plants had 4 pollen sacs and the tapetum was glandular.The microspore mother cell underwent simultaneous division and produced tetrahedral tetrads.The mature pollens in the anthers from male plants were ellipse and 2-celled type,with 3 germinating furrows.