湖北省小麦高产育种途径探讨

Discussion on Breeding for High Yield Wheat Cultivar in Hubei Province

分析了１９９２～１９９６年参加湖北省小麦良种试验的２４个品种的产量性状，结果表明：在高产品种（３５０ｋｇ／６６６．７ｍ２以上）产量构成要素中，各性状对产量贡献顺序为穗粒数（Ｘ１）＞千粒重（Ｘ２）＞有效穗（Ｘ３），株高，生育期对产量也有影响。提出了湖北省小麦高产育种途径应以多粒型品种为主，具体要求：有效穗２５．７万／６６６．７ｍ２，穗粒数３６．７粒，千粒重３９．１ｇ，株高９４ｃｍ，生育期１９９ｄ，同时注意多抗性与广适性。

Yield traits of 24 wheat cultivars for Hubei Province regional test from 1992 to 1996 were analysed. It indicated that for high yield wheat cultivars the contribution of different components to yield was in the following order: grain number per panicle (X2)>1 000 grain weight (X3)>effective panicles (X3). Plant height and growth duration also affected yield. For high yield breeding the cultivars with more grain per panicle should be selected. The high yield wheat cultivars should meet the following requirements:257 000 effective panicles per 666.7 m\+2,36.7 grains per panicle, 39.l g per 1 000 grains, 94 cm in plant height and 199 d of growth duration. The adaptability and the multiple resistance should also be considered.