基因敲除模型技术及其在眼科研究中的应用现状

Recent advances of gene knockout model and its application in ophthalmological research

基因敲除是一种利用同源重组方法改变生物体某一内源基因的遗传学技术。通过重组构建物与野生型的等位基因同源重组并交叉互换,从而筛选得到所需的某一目的基因缺失的DNA片段,可以用于删除某一基因、去除外显子或导入点突变,进而建立动物模型并对基因的功能进行研究。本文就该技术方法及其在眼科研究中的应用进展及存在问题做一综述。

Gene knockout,a genetic technology based on the homologous recombination theory,can particularly modify the target organisms.DNA deletion fragments can be screened out by the use of cross-exchange and recombination of wild-type and recombinant vector.This technology can be used to delete a gene or exon or import point mutation,then set up animal models to study gene function.This review covers the basic protocol of gene knockout and its application,development and existing problems in ophthalmological research.