开放式增温下非对称性增温对冬小麦生长特征及产量构成的影响

Effects of asymmetric warming on the growth characteristics and yield components of winter wheat under free air temperature increased.

在江苏南京(2007-2009年)设置了全天增温(AW)、白天增温(DW)和夜间增温(NW)3种处理,研究冬小麦生长及产量构成的响应差异.结果表明:非对称性增温条件下,冬小麦的无效分蘖减少,有效分蘖增加.对照(CK)处理的无效分蘖分别是AW、DW和NW处理的2.6、1.7和3.5倍,但有效分蘖却比3个增温处理分别减少13.7%、3.2%和0.5%.AW、DW和NW处理小麦株高分别较CK提高了5.6%、4.5%和1.3%.旗叶面积分别提高了45.7%、39.4%和26.1%,开花期总绿叶面积分别提高了25.1%、29.8%和17.3%,同期绿叶比分别提高了37.7%、43.3%和38.7%.穗部性状中,AW、DW和NW处理的每穗颖花数平均比CK提高了4.1%、5.7%和1.7%,每穗实粒数分别提高了2.2%、5.3%和2.6%.AW、DW和NW处理冬小麦的粒叶比平均分别较CK降低了15.3%、8.5%和11.3%,但千粒重平均分别提高了6.9%、6.2%和11.8%,单位面积产量平均分别提高了27.0%、40.1%和18.3%.表明预期增温条件下华东地区冬小麦生产力将可能进一步提高.

In 2007-2009,a field warming experiment was performed in Nanjing of Jiangsu Province,China to investigate the effects of asymmetric warming（all-day warming,AW;daytime warming from 6：00 to 18：00,DW;and nighttime warming from 18：00 to 6：00,NW） on the growth and development of winter wheat under free air temperature increase（FATI）.Asymmetric warming increased the effective tillers and decreased the ineffective tillers.In CK plot,the ineffective tillers were 2.6,1.7 and 3.5 times of those in AW,DW and NW plots,while the effective tillers were decreased by 13.7%,3.2%,and 0.5%,respectively.Asymmetric warming also increased the plant height,flag leaf area,and the total green leaf area and green leaf ratio at flowing stage.In treatments AW,DW,and NW,the plant height was increased by 5.6%,4.5%,and 1.3%,flag leaf area increased by 45.7%,39.4% and 26.1%,total green leaf area increased by 25.1%,29.8%,and 17.3%,and green leaf ratio increased by 37.7%,43.3%,and 38.7%,respectively,compared with CK.As for the yield components,the spikelet number per panicle and the filled grain number per panicle in treatments AW,DW and NW were increased by 4.1%,5.7%,and 1.7%,and by 2.2%,5.3%,and 2.6 %,respectively.Though the grain/leaf ratio in treatments AW,DW,and NW was decreased by 15.3%,8.5%,and 11.3%,the thousand-grain mass in the treatments was increased by 6.9%,6.2% and 11.8%,and thus,the yield per unit was increased by 27.0%,40.1%,and 18.3%,respectively,compared to the CK.Our results suggested that under anticipated warming,the winter wheat productivity in eastern China would be further enhanced.