中国小麦农家品种抗条锈病的鉴定与评价

Identification of the Yellow Rust Resistance Gene-Carrying Wheat Landraces in China

小麦条锈病是由条锈病菌(Puccinia striiformis f·sp tritici)侵染引起的气传性叶部真菌病害,是影响中国小麦生产安全的最重要病害之一,增加抗病基因多元化并积极推广利用抗病品种是控制小麦条锈病最为经济有效的方法。中国小麦农家品种具有丰富的遗传多样性,其中可能蕴含着丰富的抗条锈基因。对收集于小麦条锈病主要流行区的684份农家品种采用田间成株期、温室内苗期抗性鉴定以及潜育期变温处理等方法进行抗条锈性鉴定。结果表明:在684份农家品种中获得只包含主效抗病基因且对当前主要流行小种反应型为中抗至免疫159份材料,其中117份为成株抗性材料,42份为全生育期抗性材料,所获得的抗性品种占所鉴定品种的23.8%。

Wheat yellow rust is a foliar disease caused by fungus Puccinia striiformis f.sp tritici and distributed by air,and it is one of the most destructive diseases on wheat in China.It has broken out several times historically and caused great wheat yield losses.It is a more economical and effective control method for yellow rust by increasing the number of resistance genes and widely applying the resistance varieties in wheat production practice.There are more genetic diversities among the Chinese wheat landrace varieties and many resistance genes may be contained.In this study,684 landrace varieties collected from the yellow rust epidemical areas were conducted for resistance identification in the adult period and seedling stage in field and greenhouse,and 159 varieties were found to be of moderate resistant or immune level.Among them,117 varieties were adult plant resistant and the other 42 ones all-stage resistant.The resistance landraces made up 23.8% of the total tested varieties.