β内酰胺类抗生素超敏反应的诊断和治疗

Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypersensitivity Reaction to β-lactam Antibiotics

β内酰胺类抗生素超敏反应,是由免疫机制介导的药物不良反应,包括速发型和非速发型变态反应,两者判断的依据是症状发生和用药时间间隔。诊断β内酰胺类药物过敏需要详尽的病史、合适的皮肤试验及体外实验室检查,必要时需进行药物激发试验。

Hypersensitivity to β-lactam antibiotics,commonly known as β-lactam allergy,is immune mechanism mediated adverse drug reactions to β-lactam antibiotics.It includes immediate and non-immediate hypersensitivity reactions,depending on the time interval between symptom onset and drug intake.Diagnosis of β-lactam antibiotic allergy requires a combination of detailed clinical history,appropriate skin tests as well as in-vitro tests.In certain cases,drug provocation test is necessary for diagnosis.