土壤环境中四环素类抗生素残留及抗性基因污染的研究进展

Tetracycline Residues and Tetracycline Resistance Gene Pollution in Soil:A Review

近年来,致病菌耐药性的增加和扩散已成为全世界关注的热点问题,而人类医疗和畜禽养殖业抗生素的滥用正不断加剧这一问题.众多研究表明土壤环境作为一个巨大的抗性基因储存库,在抗性微生物和抗性基因的传播中起重要的作用,具有潜在的生态与健康风险.在总结国内外最新研究基础上,对土壤环境中典型抗生素-四环素类抗生素的主要污染源以及其在土壤中的基本环境行为等进行了分析,并探讨了土壤中四环素类抗性基因的来源、迁移和扩散及分子检测手段等问题.我国作为抗生素的生产和消费大国,抗生素污染问题较其他国家更为严重,而国内相关研究才刚刚起步,迫切需要开展有关环境中抗生素和抗生素抗性基因污染的系统研究.

In recent years,the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has become a global hotspot which is exacerbated by the overuse of antibiotics in human medicine and livestock production systems.Soil plays an important role in the spread of antibiotic resistance.As a huge antibiotic-resistance gene pool,soil suffers from the potential risk of antibiotic resistance.This review summarized the pollution sources of one type of typical antibiotics-tetracyclines and their residue levels in soil environment.The potential sources,survival,fate and dissemination of tetracycline resistance genes in soil,as well as the molecular methods used to detect resistance genes have been discussed based on recent published literatures.In China,large quantities of various antibiotics are widely produced and used,however,little is known about the antibiotic resistance in environment.Consequently,it is urgent to carry out a systematic research on environmental pollution of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance.