生物监测及其在环境监测中的应用

Biological Monitoring and Its Application in Environmental Monitoring

生物监测是近几十年来发展起来的应用于环境监测领域的一门新兴技术,是指利用生物个体、种群或群落对环境污染或变化所产生的反应,从生物学角度对环境污染状况进行监测和评价.作为环境监测的重要组成部分,生物监测具有敏感性、长期性、连续性、经济性、非破坏性和综合性等优势,有望在生态系统环境监测、总量控制、环境风险评价、环境污染早期预警、突发事件监测和环境标准制定等领域取得突破.在总结国内外相关研究的基础上,从目前在环境监测中应用的生物监测的原理、分类、特点、方法学和实际应用等方面进行综述.尽管生物监测还有不足之处,但可以肯定,其发展和应用将会对环境监测事业产生极大的推动作用,有着非常广阔的发展前景.

Biological monitoring has been developed in recent decades,which is an emerging technology applied in the field of environmental monitoring.By using the reaction of biological individual,population and community to environmental pollution,biological monitoring can expound and evaluate the environmental pollution state,provide monitoring data for the environmental quality assessment.Biological monitoring is a significant part of environmental monitoring,with the advantages of high sensitivity,long-term,continuity,low-cost,non-destructive and comprehensive characteristics.It＇s expected that biological monitoring could achieve the breakthroughs in areas such as the ecosystem environmental monitoring,total amount control,environmental risk assessment,early warning of environmental pollution,emergency monitoring and environmental standards.Based on summary of the related researches at home and abroad,this paper reviewed the principle,categorization,characteristic,methods and application of biological monitoring used in practice.Although in its infancy,biological monitoring will play an important role in promoting the environmental enterprise,and there are broad prospects for development.