黄河流域水沙资源量变化及其对泥沙资源化的影响

Variation in water and sediment resources and its influence on utilization of sediment resource in the Yellow River basin

在分析黄河流域水沙资源区域分布的基础上,本文采用Mann-Kendall秩次相关检验法和水文量累计曲线法分析黄河水沙资源量的变化特征,进而探讨了黄河泥沙的资源化及水沙资源量变化对泥沙资源化的影响。黄河龙羊峡水库以上河段年径流量和输沙量没有明显变化,其他干流河段和中游大部分典型支流的径流量和输沙量随时间具有明显的减少趋势。黄河水沙资源量大幅减少对泥沙资源化产生不同程度的影响,水沙资源量大幅减少会降低引洪淤滩、淤临和淤背的效率,限制灌区黄河泥沙烧制建筑材料、淤改与稻改等途径的实施,减小黄河口泥沙造陆的速率,影响黄河与河口湿地质量与数量的塑造;而对灌区浑水灌溉、清淤泥沙利用等没有明显的影响。

Based on the analysis of the distribution of water and sediment resources in the Yellow River, variation of water and sediment resources and its influence on utilization of sediment resource in the Yellow River were studied in this paper with the Mann-Kendall statistical method and accumulation curve method.It was pointed out that the runoff and sediment load in trunk reach and the typical tributaries in the middle Yellow River decrease with time in an obvious trend except the reach above Longyangxia reservoir without obvious changes of water and sediment.Sediment can be used as a kind of resource under the same technical and social conditions because of sediment disaster and resource.Large reduction of water and sediment resources would result in the influence on utilization of sediment resource such as reducing efficiency of the warping floodplain and dike consolidation with warping,limiting implementation of some sediment utilization ways like building material from sediment and warping for the barren land in the irrigation system,reducing the land formation rate with sediment,lowering quality and quantity of the wetland formation with sediment in the river and estuary.It does not have obvious influence on irrigating with muddy water and comprehensive utilization of dredged sediment.