藏缅语性别后缀产生的途径和历史层次

The Origins and Historical Strata of the Tibeto-Burman Gender Suffixes

所有藏缅语都有性别后缀。依据性别后缀的来源和语音对应关系两条标准,归纳出性别后缀产生的三条途径:同源、语言创新和借用。大多数性别后缀具有同源关系。同源层次最早可以追溯到原始藏缅语族层,语音形式为/m/(阴性)、/ph/或/p/或/b/(阳性)。语支层次的创新词缀少,语言层次相对较多,且多为阳性。因语言接触而发生借用的性别后缀目前只见到景颇语和嘉戎语2例。

All Tibeto-Burman languages have gender suffixes. Based on their etymological and sound correspondence features, this paper identifies their three potential origins as genetic homology, language innovation, and language borrowing. The majority are homologous, which can be tracked back to the Proto Tibeto-Burman Branch as the earliest, with /m/ as the feminine form and /ph/, / p/, or/b/ for the masculine. Innovation at the branch level is few since it takes place in individual language more often, and mainly concerns the masculine form. Borrowing cases are found in Jingpo and RGyalrong only.