萨玛神的“元信息”解读——侗族大神母研究系列之一

The Interpretation of Goddess Sama's "Meta—Information"——Study on the Dongs' Great Goddess Ⅰ

民族志资料表明,侗族称"万物之母"萨玛神为"玛"(Means/mah^(323)),古希腊神话亦称"大地女神"该亚为"玛"(Ma/ma^(31))两者读音相近,意义相通约,都指祖母。不过,作为古希腊文明源头的"大神母"神话,譬如"玛"神化身的"大地之母"神话,因古希腊文明断隔的原因,其意义蕴含亦随之消歇;而偏居我国西南一隅自称"干"(Gaeml/k(?)m^(55))的族群社会的神话记忆基础,尤其是有关"大神母"萨玛神的"无意识"记忆基础,却从古至今一直影响着这个民族的认知行为及其所指认的意义世界,譬如影响着这个民族对人类性别角色的社会分工与男女地位的差别的思考,对女性话语与"女性书写"(Ecriturefeminine)的持守与选择。基于此,以文化自觉的责任意识,重新审视具有阐释性功能与反映人类社会历史信息的"大神母"萨玛神隐含的"意义体系",无疑具有现实的启示意义。

Data of ethnography show that the Dongs call＂The Mother of All Things＂ as Goddess Sema,which shares similar pronunciation with the Mother of Land in ancient Greek myth—Gaea （also pronounced＂ma＂）.Both mean＂grandmother＂.However,as the source of the ancient Greek civilization,the meaning of the Mother of Land faded away as the ancient Greek civilization broke off.The myth memory bases,especially the＂unconscious＂memory bases related to the Great Goddess Sama of the ethnic minorities who occupies a corner of southwest China and call themselves＂Gan（Gaeml/k m55）,have been influencing their cognitive behaviors,and the referred meaning world from the ancient to the present.For example,these myth memory bases influence the ethnic social division of gender roles and their thinking on the social differences of the male and the female. In addition,they also have impact on their persistence and choice of the female＇s discourses and Ecriture feminine.Based no these,it will undoubtedly significant to re—examine the implication＂meaning system＂of Goddess Sama,which has the function of interpretation and reflects the historical information.