中药乌梢蛇的光镜及扫描电镜鉴别研究

Optical and Electron Microscopic Studies to Differentiate Garter Snake (Zaocys dhumunades) from Its Fake Adulterants

中药乌梢蛇的鉴别主要是依据蛇的外观特征，由于同科的某些蛇外观与乌梢蛇相似，以其干燥全体或加工成寸段的假乌梢蛇，真伪难辨。笔者着重对乌梢蛇及其伪品灰鼠蛇、玉斑锦蛇、水赤链游蛇的鳞片进行了光学显微及扫描电镜鉴别研究，结果表明乌梢蛇鳞片的特征与伪品有相似处，但形状、颜色、纹理在扫描电镜下的细微结构有显著差异，可作为鉴别真伪乌梢蛇的依据。

Identification of Zaocys dhumnades (Colubridae) was mainly based on its outward appear ance. But some snakes of the same family looked very similar in appearance, especially when processed into dried segments, and was difficult to distinguish when present as adulterants. The scale of Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor) and that of Ptyas korros (Schlegel), Natrix annularis (Hallowed) and Elaphe mandarina (Cantor) were examined and compared by optical and scanning-electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that their scaly character was quite similar, but different in shape, colour and vein, especially the microstructure under SEM was markedly different which may be used as a basis for the identification of the genuine Zaocys.