国际海啸沉积研究进展与展望

PROGRESS IN THE STUDY OF TSUNAMI DEPOSITS IN THE PAST 20 YEARS

海啸是沿海地区人类面临的重要自然灾害,对海啸沉积的专门研究开始于20世纪80年代末,海啸沉积研究异常活跃,特别是20世纪90年代以来,海啸沉积研究成为国际沉积学领域热点之一。扼要总结了近20年来国际海啸沉积研究的主要特点,综述了海啸沉积研究涉及的古海啸诊断证据、海啸沉积与风暴沉积的区别、海啸沉积分布与海啸爬高之间的关系、海啸沉积多样性以及海啸沉积的保存与发生频率等科学问题,简要讨论了今后海啸沉积研究应重视的若干问题。

Tsunami is one of the severe natural disasters along the coastal region. The deposits transported by tsunami waves are defined as tsunami deposits. The tsunami deposits contain much information about the past and present tsunami events. About 20 years ago, few researches had been devoted to tsunami deposits. In the past 20 years, however, the tsunami deposits have become the highlight of sedimentary geology in the world. In this paper, the main characteristics of the tsunami deposits are summarized. The main progress in the study of tsunami deposits, such as the diagnostic evidence of tsunami deposits, the distinction between tsunami deposits and storm deposits, the relationship between tsunami deposits and the run-up of the tsunami wave, the diversity of the tsunami deposits, and the preservation potential and occurrence frequency of tsunami deposits, as well as further study fields about tsunami deposits were discussed.