孔、孟“乐”理念比较研究

A Comparison between the Music Concepts of Confucius and Mencius

本文对孔子和孟子的"乐"理念的各自特点及其异同之处进行了初步分析和评价。作者认为,孔子的"乐"理念具有明显的泛伦理化倾向。他所关注和注重的,乃是"乐"的社会教化、社会整合的伦理调节功能。孔子视"礼""仁"为"乐"之魂魄,视"至善"为"乐"之归宿和极致。"乐"的艺术审美特质被淡化和边缘化。孟子对孔子"乐"理念的最大修正,在于他将其"民本"的政治诉求贯彻于其"乐"理念之中,诉诸"与民同乐"的政治氛围,从而将"乐"理念平等化、平民化、感性化,扬弃了孔子对"乐"的种种宗法等级束缚,破除了对"乐"的雅俗之别的偏见,从而使"乐"理念向其平等的、感性的审美氛围迈出了重要的一步。同孔子泛伦理化的"乐"理念相比较,孟子的"乐"理念则具有泛政治化的理论倾向。

This dissertation analyses and evaluates the characteristics of the music concepts of Confucius and Mencius.It also compares the two concepts.The author believes that Confucius ＂music＂ concept has a clear tendency of ethic.His interest and concern is ethical regulation function of social values and social integrationt.Confucius believes that ＂rites＂ ＂ benevolence＂ is the soul of ＂music＂,＂ summum bonum＂ is the end-result and perfection of ＂music＂.＂Music＂ aesthetic qualities has been diluted and marginalized.The greatest amendment made by Mencius to Confucius ＂music＂ concept is that Mencius carried out ＂mmkey-com＂ political demands through to ＂music＂ concept,and resorted to ＂have fun with the citizens＂ political atmosphere.In this way ＂music＂concept is equalized,popularized and emotional-oriented,discarding various constraints of patriarchal hierarchy of Confucius ＂music＂concept.So ＂music＂ concept has been improved significantly in equality and perceptual aesthetic atmosphere.Compared with Confucius moral ＂music＂concept,Mencius ＂music＂concept has more political tendency.