辽朝科举考试应试科目述论

Subjects of imperial examination in Liao dynasty

辽朝科举考试与唐宋科举考试一样,有常举与制举之分,因而其科目设置也分为常科和制科。辽朝所实施的常举考试科目主要有进士科、明经科和律学科,进士科和明经科从辽朝科举考试肇始便已设立,律学科的设置出现于辽朝的中后期,一直延续到辽朝末年;制举科目主要有举才行、贡明经、茂才异等、举才能、举贤良。辽朝的常举科目受唐宋影响较大;制举并不十分发达,只是偶尔为之,不具长期性、制度化。

The imperial examination of Liao dynasty can be divided into regular and chance ones,the same as those in Tang dynasty.Therefore its subjects also include regular and chance ones.The examination subjects of Liao dynasty are mainly divided into imperial scholars,Mingjing and law,the previous two of which were set up at the very beginning of the imperial examination of Liao dynasty,and the last one appeared at the mid-and-late stage of Liao and lasted till the end of it.Chance subject mainly includes recommending those of ability and wisdom,dedicating Mingjing,selecting those with intelligence.The subject of regular examination of Liao was influenced greatly by Tang and Song dynasties;while the chance examination was not quite advanced and was only executed occasionally,hence lacked the characteristics of 1ong term or institutionalization.