中国服务贸易的出口潜力估计及国际比较——基于截面数据引力模型的实证分析

Estimation of Chinese Potential for Export in Service and International Comparison——Based on Cross-sectional Data Analysis of Gravity Model

本文在借鉴文献引力模型基础上,结合中国与其主要的服务贸易伙伴国的实际情况建立截面数据模型,分别得到人均GDP、人口数量、国内产品市场管制、多边市场开放度、服务贸易结构和服务开放度等变量对服务出口贸易的影响大小,预测了中国对世界的服务贸易总额及结构的出口潜力,并与美、日、韩三国作了相应比较,结果表明:我国服务贸易总额较大,传统的服务部门(如旅游、建筑服务)已经充分发挥了潜力,而新兴的服务部门尤其是金融服务出口潜力的开发仍然有很大的空间,这种贸易的不足不是由于国家的管制措施引起的,而主要是由服务行业结构特征导致的.因而促进服务出口的措施应充分考虑行业发展的均衡性以及出口额与出口效益的关系。

Based on the gravity model and combination of the actual situation of China with that of its major trade partners,this article creates cross-sectional data model,and obtains that the impacts of GDP per capita,population,Domestic Product Market Regulation,multilateral market openness,service trade structure,services openness et al on services exports,forecasts China,s export potential of total and structure in services trade and compares it with that of the America,Japan and Korea,the result shows that：China,s total trade in services is over-performance, traditional service sectors such as tourism and construction services have reachedtheir potential,however,the emerging sectors especially the financial services still have a lot of space for export potential. This lack of exploiting the potential arises not from our country regula-tion,but from structural characteristics of the service sector. Therefore,the measures to promote services export should be fully considered the balanced development of the industries and the relationship between export values and effectiveness.