蚯蚓粉对肉鸡生长性能、营养物质代谢及免疫功能的影响

Effect of Earthworms Powder on Growth Performance,Metabolic Rate and Immune Functions of Broilers

选择1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡120只,采用单因子试验设计,随机分为4组,即基础饲粮对照组(0%鱼粉+0%蚯蚓粉)、蚯蚓粉组(0%鱼粉+5%蚯蚓粉)、混合组(3%鱼粉+2%蚯蚓粉)和鱼粉组(5%鱼粉+0%蚯蚓粉),研究了蚯蚓粉对肉鸡生长性能、营养物质代谢及免疫功能的影响。结果表明:各阶段各试验组的平均耗料量均比对照组显著降低(p<0.05),但各试验组之间无显著差异(p>0.05);平均日增重试验各阶段都是混合组最好,至生长后期,混合组和蚯蚓粉组的日增重与对照组和鱼粉组间的差异都达到了显著水平(p<0.05),分别较对照组提高了10.57%和8.77%,较鱼粉组提高了6.69%和4.95%;各试验组料重比与对照组间差异均显著(p<0.05),从整个生长阶段来看,混合组料重比分别较对照组和鱼粉组降低了15.31%和4.95%;混合组、蚯蚓粉组的粗蛋白表观代谢率相近,分别较对照组提高了14.08%和11.65%,较鱼粉组提高了12.64%和10.32%;混合组和蚯蚓粉组的粗脂肪表观代谢率以及磷的表观代谢率与对照组的差异也均达到显著水平(p<0.05),粗脂肪表观代谢率分别提高了11.22%和9.56%,磷的表观代谢率分别提高了3.92%和7.92%;混合组的各免疫器官指数与对照组间差异达到显著水平(p<0.05),其胸腺指数、脾脏指数和法氏囊指数分别较对照组提高了17.10%、12.50%和5.17%;各项体液免疫指标结果均为蚯蚓粉组表现最好,与对照组和鱼粉组相比差异均显著(p<0.05),血清总蛋白分别提高了20.11%和17.13%,血清白蛋白分别提高了13.76%和11.67%,血清球蛋白分别提高了28.79%和24.49%,白/球比分别降低了11.76%和10.45%。

Avian broilers were divided into basic group（0% fishmeal ＋ 0% of earthworm powder）,earthworm powder group（0% fishmeal ＋ 5% of earthworm powder）,mixed group（3% fishmeal ＋ 2%earthworm powder） and fishmeal group（5% fishmeal ＋ 0% earthworm powder） after feeding basal diet for 14d.Each group included 3 replications.Test period was 15～49d.The average feed consumption and the feed conversion rate of earthworm powder group decreased compared with basic group（p0.05）,and there were no significant differences among all the test groups（p0.05）.The mixed group had the highest daily gain at all stages.By the later period of growth,there was no significant difference between the fishmeal and the control group（p0.05）.However,the mixed and the earthworm powder group had significant differences on daily gain from the control group,the increase rate was by 10.57% and 8.77% respectively（p0.05）.So does the fishmeal group,and the increase rate was by 6.69% and 4.95% respectively（p0.05）.Though all the goups had significant differences on the feed gain ratio from the control group（p0.05）,only the mixed group varied significantly from the fishmeal group（p0.05）.At all stages,feed gain ratio of the mixed group decrased by 15.31% and 4.95% respectively compared with the control and fishmeal group.Apparent metabolic rates of crude protein in the mixed and earthworm powder group were similar,and had significant differences from control and fishmeal groups（p0.05）,the increase ratio was 14.08%,11.65% and 12.64%,10.32% respectively.The apparent metabolic rates of crude fat and P in the mixed and arthworm powder group increased significantly compared with the cotrol,and the ratio was 11.22%,9.56% and 3.92%,7.92% respectively（p0.05）.The earthworm powder group had the best apparent metabolic rate at P,and significantly different form that of the fishmeal goup（p0.05）.However,the apparent metabolic rates of all nutrtions in the fishmeal group had no significant differences compared with the control goup（p0.05）.Only the mixed group＇s immune organ index significantly increased compared with the control＇s（p0.05）,and the increase ratio of thymus,spleen and fbrusa was 17.10%,12.50% and 5.17% respectively.The earthworm powder group had the best humoral immunities,its total serum protein increased by 20.11% and 17.13% respectively,serum albumin increased by 13.76% and 11.67% respectively,serum aglobulin increased by 28.79% and 24.49% respectively,and albumin/aglobulin decreased by 11.76% and 10.45% respectively compared with the control and the fishmeal groups＇（p0.05）.