从ABO血型系统遗传多态性探讨西藏各民族的群体遗传学关系

The study of population genetic relation among the ethnic groups lived in Tibet and other populations in China by ABO system polymorphism

目的研究西藏藏族、珞巴族和门巴族人群ABO血型系统遗传多态性及其与我国其他民族间的遗传关系。方法采用玻片法检测并分析了西藏藏族1183人份、汉族938人份、珞巴族120人份和门巴族100人份ABO血型分布,应用网络生物信息资源,收集我国新疆维吾尔族、内蒙古蒙古族,宁夏回族等3个族群的相应资料,计算他们间的遗传距离,并进行聚类分析。结果西藏藏族ABO血型系统的表型频率为O>B>A>AB(A=0.171 6、B=0.379 5、O=0.358 5、AB=0.090 4),基因频率r>q>p(r=0.593 4、q=0.268 6、p=0.138 0);门巴族ABO血型系统的表型频率为O>B>A>AB(A=0.212 8、B=0.252 3、O=0.468 1、AB=0.063 8),基因频率r>q>p(r=0.677 0、q=0.174 2、p=0.148 8);珞巴族ABO血型系统中,有较高的基因频率(r=0.737 0、q=0.097 3、p=0.191 1);汉族ABO血型系统的表型频率为O>B>A>AB(A=0.280 2、B=0.291 2、O=0.324 2、AB=0.104 4),基因频率r>q>p(r=0.564 5、q=0.221 3、p=0.214 2),符合我国ABO血型系统分布规律;遗传距离分析显示,藏族、门巴族和珞巴族距离较近,其次为蒙古族、汉族,最后是新疆维吾尔族和宁夏回族。聚类分析与遗传距离分析结果基本一致。结论西藏各民族在遗传上相互关系近于其他主要民族。

Objective To study the genetic polymorphism of the ethnic groups lived in Tibet of China about ABO system and the genetic relation among them and other 4 ethnic groups. Methods The ABO blood group distribution of Tibetan, Menba and Luoba and Han people that inhabited Tibet were detected and analyzed by glass sheet technique. The data of 3 populations about ABO blood group system were collected by internate network (viz, Ugyr lived in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Mongolian, Ningxia Hui), and the genetic distances and cluster analysis were calculated among Tibetan ethnic group and other population. Results Phenotype type of ABO system in Tibet Menba ethnic group is O>B>A>AB (A=0. 212 8, B=0. 252 3, O=0. 468 1, AB=0. 063 8), gene frequency is r>q>p(r=0. 677 0, q=0. 174 2, p=0. 148 8). Phenotype type of ABO system in Tibetan is O>B>A>AB (A= 0. 171 6, B=0.379 5, O=0.358 5, AB=0.090 4), gene frequency is r>q>p(r=0.593 4, q=0.268 6, p=0. 138 0). They are accord with the law of Chinese ABO system; Menba and Luoba cluster with Tibetan firstly, cluster then with other ethnic groups by means of count genetic distance and cluster analysis to Tibetan populatios and other ethnic groups by ABO system gene frequency. The relation among Menba, Luoba and Tibetan are nearer than that between them and other ethnic groups. Conclusion The genetic relation among the Menba, Luoba and Tibetan is nearer than that with other populations.