基于RS/GIS的斧头湖湿地演变及其驱动力研究

Research on wetland evolution and its driving force of Futou Lake based on RS/GIS

研究湿地景观的动态变化及原因是有效保护湿地资源、合理制定利用与保护湿地政策的关键.采用ERDAS、ArcGIS等软件对1991年、2005年7月的湖北斧头湖区遥感影像图进行解译,确定斧头湖湿地类型现状,描述湿地类型动态变换.结果表明:(1)研究期内湿地景观类型发生了较大幅度的变化,其中湖泊及滩地面积缩减较为严重;(2)研究区内居民点面积处于加速扩张过程,是湿地景观格局空间变化的关键影响因素;(3)研究期内不同湿地类型的动态变化特征差异显著,其中人工湿地类型双向动态变化较为明显,湖区湿地受人为干扰较严重.长江水位变化及长江入湖口堵塞是引起这种变化的自然原因;围湖造田与精养鱼池扩建是引起这种变化的主要人为因素.

The research on dynamic change and its driving force of wetland landscape is the key to protecting wetland resources effectively and advancing the utilization of wetland policy reasonably. Based on the interpreting of remote sensing images taken in 1991 and 2005, this paper identify the current situation of wetlands types and describes the dynamic change of wetlands types in the Futou I.ake wetland. The results show that： （1） The types and coverage of Futou Lake wetlands has undergone great changes, among them lake and interval area suffer most; （2）Residential area is in the accelerating expansion process in the study site, which is the key influencing factor for the spatial variation of wetland landscape pattern; （3）The characteristics of dynamic change varies with different wetland types, the bidirectional dynamic change of artificial wetland type is more obvious, because it was influenced by humanity seriously. The natural causes of this phenomenon were mainly resulted from variation in water level and estuary block of Yangtze River. Reclaiming and expansion of intensive fishponds are main man-induced factors of wetland type change in the Futou Lake wetland.