基于基尼系数的全国卫生资源配置公平性研究

Application of Gini Coefficient and Lorenz Curve in Study on Equity of Health Resources Allocation in China

目的探讨我国各省人均卫生资源配置的均衡性和公平性。方法应用基尼系数(Gini coefficient)和洛仑兹曲线(Lorenz curve)对全国各省区市的卫生机构数、卫生总资产、床位数、卫生技术人员数、政府卫生事业投入等指标的人口公平性进行分析。结果 31个省区的卫生资源配置的人口公平性较好,5个指标的基尼系数均在0.3以下,相对而言,政府卫生事业投入的公平性较差。结论对卫生资源配置,政府需要进一步加强政策引导。在进行卫生资源的优化配置时,应多从省内各区域间或城乡之间的差异考虑。

Objective To explore the equity of health resources allocation in 31 provinces in China.Methods The Gini coefficients and Lorenz curve of 5 indexes,which represent health resources,were calculated and drawn with Excel XP.Results The Gini coefficients of 5 selected indexes were 0.0957,0.1483,0.0966,0.1314 and 0.2346 respectively.All the coefficients were under 0.3,which indicated that the health resources in China were equitably allocated.Conclusion The government should strengthen policy guidance on the allocation of health resources and take into account of the difference on health resources allocation between urban area and rural area in the improvement of health resources allocation.