谈日语使役句构成与成立条件

A discussion on the establishment conditions of causative sentences in Japanese

使役句不是所有情况都可以成立。根据谓语的自/他性质,归纳出4个句型,并根据[±有情]特征分析使役句成立条件。使役者和被使役者都是[+有情]或[-有情],使役句均可成立;使役者为[+有情]、被使役者为[-有情],被使役者用助词‘を’,使役句可成立;使役者为[-有情]、被使役者为[+有情],无情物作用影响有情物的行为时,使役句可成立。

Causative sentences cannot be used universally.This paper generalizes four structures based on intransitive and transitive properties of predicate verbs,and analyzes the conditions that satisfy the four structures according to properties of [±sentient].A causative sentence can be established if both of the causer and cause are both [±sentient] or [-sentient].If the causer is [＋sentient] and the cause is [-sentient],a causative sentence can be established by using the auxiliary verb を’.If thecauser is [ - sen-tient] and the cause is [ ＋ sentient], and the insentient being does affect the behavior of sentient being, a causative sentence can be established as well.