湖北省松宜矿区地面塌陷成因类型及形成条件分析

Analysis on genetic types and formation conditions of ground collapses in Songyi mine area,Hubei Province

通过对松宜矿区地面塌陷调查研究,按煤层顶板埋深和塌陷成因的不同将其分为浅埋型采空塌陷和深埋型岩溶塌陷,前者系指煤层顶板为栖霞组、茅口组地层区域,在缓坡地带、构造、岩溶发育部位、煤层厚度大的采空区易形成采空塌陷,无序复采、矿柱遭受破坏是主要诱发因素;后者是在矿坑高强度疏排地下水导致地下水位大幅降低,形成以真空吸蚀为主要成因的岩溶塌陷。针对其成因机制,提出了防治建议,对矿区地质环境综合治理具有实际意义。

A Comprehensive investigation found that there are two types of ground collapses in Songyi mine area,Hubei Province,According to the depth of the different roof,there are minining induced collapse in shallowly buried coal mine area,and karst collapse in deeply buried coal mine area.Minining induced collapses in shallowly buried coal mine area are found in the gentle slope area,where the roof of coal mine is Qixia and Maokou formation,and there are thick coal seams,complex geological structures,underground karst.Disorder mining,repeated mining,pillar damage are major factors of this type of collapse.Karst collapses in deeply buried coal mine area are caused by the vacuum suction actions,which high strength mine drainage leads to the groundwater level greatly reducing and then happening karst collapse by vacuum erosion.The prevention and treatment recommendations are put forward according to its formation mechanism,which has practical significance for comprehensive management of geological environment.