渝东南酉水流域方言土语中的某些古音及其区域色彩研究——以“瓦乡话”、汉语方言、土家语、苗语等为例

Research on some ancient accents and their regional colors of the local dialects in the Youshui River basin of Southeast Chongqing——with "Waxiang dialect",Chinese dialects,Tujia Dialect and Miao Dialect as examples

本文例举"西"[■i55](看,看到,仔细看)、"息"[■i35](孙之子,泛称子孙后代)、"耶"[■e35](父)、[tia55](爹)、间(房屋计量单位)[kan55]、"龚"[t■i■■55]、"老革革"[lau51ke214ke214]、牙桠[■a35■a44]、"达搭"[ta35ta55](哥哥)、颟颟[ma■55ma■55](饭)、"满忙"[man51man35](父之弟,叔叔)、"喷香"[p■■55■ian55]、"攀臭"[p'a■55ts'u214]、"倒"[tau51]、"起"[t■'i51]等方言土语的内涵,有些是笔者第一次提出,有些是对前人旧说加以补充。这些方言土语中有古音保存,特别是"瓦乡话"在渝东南酉水流域的保存更显珍贵,其区域色彩愈显浓厚。上述现象的成因是:渝东南在四省边界处,与湘西北、黔东北、鄂西南交界,山川地理相连,水系复杂但互相连通,人文相通,汉语方言或民族语基本相同或相近,这些方言土语有许多古音和有特色的方言口语保存下来,与重庆市主城区及附近地区、与成都市主城区及附近地区、与贵州省大方县等地相同或相近,有进一步深入调查研究的必要。

This paper lists the connotations of some local words such as ＂西＂[ci^55]（look,look carefully）,＂息＂[ci^35]（grandchildren＇s children,general reference for future generations）,＂耶＂[ze^35]（father）,爹[tia^55]（dad）,＂间＂[kan55]（unit of house measure）,＂龚＂[tciη55],＂老革革＂[lau^51ke^214ke^214],牙桠[za^35za^44],＂达搭＂[ta^35ta^55]（elder brother）,颟颟[maη^55maη^55]（eat）,＂满忙＂[man^51man^35]（father＇s younger brother,uncle）,＂喷香＂[pη^55cian^55],＂攀臭＂[p＇aη^55ts＇u^214],＂倒＂[tau51],＂起＂[tc＇i^51],etc.Some of the connotations are put forward for the first time by us,while some are supplementary to the old expressions of our ancestors.These local dialects preserve some old accents.The preservation of ＂Waxiang Dialect＂ in the Youshui River basin of Southeast Chongqing is especially precious for its stronger regional color.The causes of these phenomena are that Southeast Chonqing is bounded on the northwest of Hunan,northeast of Guizhou and southwest of Hubei with mountains and rivers connected,water systems complicated but interlinked,and people and culture often interacting.The Chinese and ethnic dialects in these areas are similar or almost the same.These dialects have preserved many ancient accents and typical oral expressions which are similar to or the same as those of Chongqing proper and its surroundings,Chengdu proper and its surroundings and Dafang County of Guizhou.It needs further investigation and research.