反思启蒙:现代主义与后现代主义哲学之争——以哈贝马斯和利奥塔为例

Re-considering Enlightenment:a Debate Between Modernism and Post-modernism——A Case Study of Habermas and Lyotard

后现代主义作为一种文化思潮从20世纪50年代起涤荡了欧美的思想文化界,包括美学、历史学、社会学、哲学等多领域。作为对现代性的一个反思,所有领域的后现代话语都基本达成了一个共识,即批判启蒙理性,反对现代性话语中的理性主义、主体主义、历史哲学等,以反思启蒙的姿态出现。而在现代主义哲学内部也开始积极反思现代性。他们对待启蒙的态度各不相同,其中以哈贝马斯和利奥塔之间的争论最具代表性。文章意在通过考察二者之间的争论焦点来表明对待后现代主义应持有的一种哲学批判的态度,因此仍然需要启蒙理性所给予的反思批判精神以对现代性的利弊做出积极的回应。

Post-modernism,as a trend of thought,has swept the field of European and American ideology including aesthetics,history,sociology,and philosophy.As a reconsideration upon modernity,there is a general agreement,say criticizing enlightenment rationalism and against the rationalism,subjectivity,and historical philosophy,while modernism began to re-consider modernity as well.Among the various opinions,the debate between Habermas and Lyotard is typical.It is aimed to response to the negative and positive sides of modernity and the critical spirits from enlightenment with a conclusion that post-modernism ought to hold a philosophical critical attitude.