论公用事业特许经营的法律定性——兼议公共服务供给的私法机制

On the Legal Nature of Public Utilities Franchise

公用事业特许经营是公用事业民营化的基本形式。公用事业特许经营合同法律属性是一种带有公法因素的民事合同。公用事业特许经营权的内容、运行及救济虽然具有一定的公法特征,但是本质为一种无形财产权和独立的法人经营权,并且是一种民法上的"准物权"。公用事业特许经营的私法属性凸显传统公共服务领域公法主治的偏颇,应充分运用公共服务供给中的私法机制,并坚持公平竞争、平等原则与信赖保护、诚信原则等私法观念对公用事业特许经营中行政特权的限制。

Franchise is the basic form of public utilities privatization. Public utilities franchise contract is a special kind of civil contract. The public utilities franchise rights are not only a kind of the immaterial property right and the independent corporate management, but also a kind of quasi-real right in civil law. However, the right also has certain public law characteristic in terms of the content, the movement and the relief. The private nature of franchise management in public utilities highlighted the bias of public law dominance in terms of traditional public services.