明代方剂命名规律初探

Preliminary Discussion on the Laws of Formula Nomenclature in Ming Dynasty

方剂是中医学的一个重要组成部分,是理法方药中的关键环节,作为方剂名称而言,它不仅可以起区别方剂的作用,更是立方人思维方式及思想情感的表达,在一定程度上又可以揭示方剂的内涵。中医方剂之有方名,始见于《内经》,及至明代,其命名形式更加趋向多样化,主要出现了以方剂的组成命名,以方剂的功用主治命名,以方剂组成结合功用命名,以方剂制法、用法、形态等特点命名,从宗教文化、哲学思想、典故传说等角度命名及综合命名法等六种方式。

Formula is an important component of Chinese medicine.It is the key step of theory,principle,method and prescription.In terms of formula nomenclature,it may not only distinguish different formulas,but also express the thoughts and affections of formula prescriber.To a certain extent,it indicates the meanings of formula.The formula nomenclature began in Internal Classic.In Ming Dynasty,the patterns of formula nomenclature were diversity.There were six styles of nomenclature：nomenclature of formula ingredients,nomenclature of functions and indications,nomenclature of ingredients and functions,character nomenclature of preparation method,usage and morphology,as well as conception nomenclature and comprehensive nomenclature in terms of religious culture,philosophic idea and allusion legend.