学习困难儿童工作记忆特点分析

Characteristics of working memory among children with learning difficulties

目的研究学习困难儿童的工作记忆特点,为学习困难儿童的干预研究提供参考。方法对43名学习困难小学生与49名学习优秀小学生的工作记忆特点进行比较,确定2类儿童在言语工作记忆、空间工作记忆以及中央执行功能测试中的成绩是否存在差异。结果学习困难组被试与学习优秀组在所选取的6项反应工作记忆特点的测试项目中,8项指标差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。学习困难儿童工作记忆发展水平存在显著不足(P<0.05)。结论学习困难儿童的工作记忆显著低于学习优秀儿童,其中工作记忆能力不足具有统计学意义。

ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of working memory in children with learning difficulties.MethodsCharacteristics of working memory between 43 elementary school students with learning difficulties and 49 outstanding students were compared to determine whether there was significant difference in aspects of verbal working memory,spatial working memory and central executive function.ResultsIn the six tests reflecting working memory,eight indices were of significant difference between the two groups.Compare to outstanding students group,learning difficulties students showed obvious deficiency in working memory（P〈0.05）.ConclusionThe working memory of students with learning difficulties is significantly lower than that of outstanding students and possible mechanisms are worthy to be further discussed.