委付被拒后保险船舶的法律地位

Ship's legal status when abandonment is rejected by the insurer

《中华人民共和国海商法》明确规定了保险人在收到委付通知后,可以拒绝接受委付。在委付被拒绝后,保险人可以作出部分赔偿,保险船舶的所有权归被保险人所有,保险人只就其赔偿部分享有代位求偿权。而在保险人明确拒绝委付又作出全损赔偿时,针对保险船舶的所有权存在三种观点:一是保险船舶属于无主物;二是自动转让给保险人;三是归被保险人所有。从立法目的角度看,保险船舶的权利义务归被保险人所有更为合理。中国法律应对此予以明确。

Maritime Code of the People＇s Republic of China clearly provides that an insurer may choose not to accept the abandonment of the subject matter insured. Where the insurer refuses to accept the abandonment and indemnifies the assured on the basis of a partial loss, the ship remains in the possession of the assured and the insurer can only subrogate against the third party within the payment of its indemnity. However, where the insurer definitely rejects the abandonment but indemnifies the assured on the basis of a total loss, there exist three points of view on the ownership of the ship insured： first, the ship belongs to bona; second, the ownership automatically transfers to the insurer ; third, it is still owned by the assured. From the perspective of the legislative purpose, it is more reasonable that the rights and obligations relating to the ship insured remain owned by the assured. Chinese law should be clear on this.