“船舶经营人”的识别——兼评《最高人民法院关于审理海事赔偿责任限制相关纠纷案件的若干规定》第12条

Identification of ship operators——review on Article 12 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Trying Disputes concerning Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims

《最高人民法院关于审理海事赔偿责任限制相关纠纷案件的若干规定》第12条明确规定,海事赔偿责任限制下船舶经营人必须同时具备三要素:接受船舶所有人委托,实际使用和控制船舶以及承担船舶责任,并反向划定了船舶经营人的外延,从而将无船承运人排除于海事赔偿责任限制的权利主体之外。该条规定明确了船舶经营人的含义,便于确认相关海事制度的权利主体,值得肯定,但仍有可完善之处:要求船舶经营人"承担船舶责任"会引起认定的混乱,且其并非船舶经营人的必备要素,可考虑删除之。

Article 12 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People＇s Court on Trying Disputes concerning Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims has clearly defined the ship operator under the limitation of liability for maritime claims should meet the following three conditions ：be entrusted by ship owners ,actually use and control the ship ,and bear ship liability. Article 12 has also denied the right of the non-vessel operating common carrier to the limitation of liability for maritime claims. The above article makes the subjects of relevant maritime systems more clear,which is worthy but still needs improvement. The author is the view that bearing ship liability is not a requisite of ship operators and will make chaos on the identification of ship operators.