影响丙酮丁醇发酵的主要因素及解决方案的研究进展

The State Art of View of Influenciable Main Factors in Acetone-Butanol Fermentation and Proposed Solutions

制约丙酮丁醇发酵工业化生产的主要问题是丙酮丁醇梭菌在发酵过程中孢子的形成、溶剂产量低、副产物的生成以及丁醇对菌株的毒性等因素。此外,使用木质纤维素等廉价、环保的原料作为发酵底物生产生物丁醇也是目前研究的热点之一。本文就以上问题综述了近年来的研究进展,如孢子形成的分子机制及解除孢子形成与溶剂生成之间联系的途径,丁醇抑制梭菌细胞生长的机制及降低丁醇毒性的方法,通过基因工程改造减少副产物的生成,增加丁醇产量等,并讨论了进一步改造菌种及降低生物丁醇成本的策略。

Major problems,which influenced on the revival of acetone-butanol fermentation（ABF）,were analysized.And sporulation of solventogenic clostridia,low butanol yield,production of byproduct,and high substrate cost as well as the toxity of butanol etc.were considered.Reducing substrate cost by employing lignocelluloses as carbon resource has attracted extensive attention and efforts.In this review,these problems mentioned above were discussed.The molecular mechanism leading to the initiation of sporulation and solventogenesis is also investigated.Different strategies are employed in the metabolic engineering of clostridia that aim to enhancing solvent production,improve selectivity for butanol production,and increase the tolerance of clostridia to solvents.Here,the strategies to further improve strain performance and reduce the cost of biobutanol were proposed.