河南省水资源生态足迹和生态承载力分析

Ecological Footprint and Ecological Carrying Capacity of Water Resources in Henan Province

在水资源生态足迹研究过程中,存在的主要问题是:忽略了对水资源帐户的划分,全球及地区水资源生态均衡因子和产量因子的确定,在实际应用中缺乏对水资源生态足迹和生态承载力的核算。笔者对水资源帐户进行了划分,并计算了地区水资源生态均衡因子和产量因子,以河南省为研究范围核算了2007年水资源生态足迹和生态承载力,结果表明:河南省多数城市水资源呈现生态赤字,同时不仅水资源生态足迹和生态承载力存在着空间差异,而且人均水资源生态足迹和生态承载力也存在着空间分布的不均衡性。水资源生态足迹与生态承载力帐户分解研究结果还说明:在河南省多数城市中,水资源生态足迹中,农林渔业用水生态足迹占水资源生态足迹的比重比较大;在水资源生态承载力中,河南省南部和西部地区地下水资源生态承载力所占比重比较大,而北部地区地表水资源生态承载力所占比重比较大。

Previous literatures about ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of water resources have little focused on ecological accounting classification of water resources and its equivalence factor and yield factor so that few work on ecological footprint of water resources are satisfactory. Water resources accounting are classified and region equivalence factor and yield factor present in this paper to calculate ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of water resources in Henan province by using data in 2007. The results showed that there was an ecological deficit in water resources in most cities of Henan province, but there existed spatial difference not only in ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity but also in ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity per capita with great ecological deficit in most of regions. In ecological footprint accounting composition of water resources, ecological footprint of agricultural-forest-fishing was dominant. In ecological capacity accounting composition of water resources, ecological capacity of underground water resource was primary in the south and west of Henan province, but ecological carrying capacity of surface water resource was primary in the north of Henan province.