广东省典型地区福寿螺越冬后的种群密度调查研究

Investigation on Golden Apple Snails after Winter in Some Typical Regions of Guangdong

福寿螺作为一种入侵生物,已对广东地区农业生产造成极大的危害。为了了解广东省不同地区福寿螺种群的越冬及其恢复状况,在2010年3月底以前调查了广东省6个典型地区(汕头、韶关、肇庆、增城、茂名、湛江)3种不同生境(水田、旱地、水渠)下的福寿螺种群密度,研究不同土地利用类型、不同地区福寿螺密度差异情况。结果表明:3种不同土地利用方式福寿螺的密度差异显著,水渠最多,水田次之,旱地最少;不同地区之间水田和水渠中福寿螺密度存在一定差异,有些地区之间达显著水平;总体而言,汕头、肇庆、湛江、茂名、韶关、增城地区的单位面积福寿螺的种群数量依次增加;土地利用与管理方式可能是造成福寿螺在不同地区总体密度差异的主要原因;利用福寿螺作为饲料,发展养殖业,能实现变废为宝;实施水旱轮作,能减少福寿螺的暴发危害。

As an alien invasive species, golden apple snail has caused great harm to agricultural production in Guangdong Province. The density of snails was investigated after winter time for three habitats （paddy field, dry land, drainage and irrigation channel） in six regions including Shantou City, Shaoguan City, Zhaoqing City, Zengcheng City, Maoming City and Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province to see differences among different land use types and different regions, The results showed that the densities of apple snail were significantly different in three kinds of habitats with a change order： drainage and irrigation channelspaddy fieldsdry lands. Densities of apple snails had some significant differences among paddy fields and drainage and irrigation channels of different regions, Overall, the density of apple snails changed with a trend of Shantou snails changed with an order of Shantou Zhaoqing Zhanjiang Maoming Shaoguan Zengcheng. Land use and management might be one of key factors which resulted in the different densities of apple snail distribution in different regions. It would be a good farming practice to develop aquaculture with using apple snails as feeds; and rice field-upland field rotation could also reduce the outbreaks of apple snails.