转基因抗病棉花所转抗病基因(Chi+Glu)对棉花生物学特性的影响

Effects of the Transferred Resist-diseases Genes(Chi+Glu) to the Biological Characteristics of Cotton

此研究为国家转基因抗病棉环境安全评价技术的建立而设。以转入几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶双价抗病基因(Chi+Glu)的‘中棉所24’为试验观察品种,对应的受体‘中棉所24’和‘赣棉11号’非转抗病基因棉为两个对照品种,进行棉花生育性状、产量性状上生物学特性的表现对比,结果‘中棉所24’转入双价抗病基因后,生育期比受体对照延长11天,比非转基因的常规棉‘赣棉11号’延长3天;经LSD最小显著性差异测验,转双价抗病基因(Chi+Glu)对棉苗期株高生长变缓慢影响极显著,对蕾期株高生长缓慢影响显著,而花铃期时株高超速生长影响显著;对蕾花铃发育迟缓、第一果枝节位前移影响显著;对第一果枝高度降低、果枝节距拉大、籽棉和皮棉增产、发芽率提高效应(提高13个百分点)影响极显著;对棉花单铃重、单铃籽棉重、单铃皮棉重、衣分、籽指、衣指、单铃不孕籽粒数性状转好影响明显;对单铃壳重、单铃不孕籽重量变差也有明显影响;对棉花纤维上半部平均长度变短,整齐度指数增加,马克隆值升高,纤维伸长率下降,纤维纺纱均匀指数降低,纤维断裂比强度降低有明显影响。试验显示,所转双价抗病基因对棉花上述生物学特性有显著和极显著影响,尤其对产量性状变好影响极显著(增产籽棉1491.9kg/hm2)。

These researches were studied in order to establish the environmental safety assessment techniques of resistant transgenic cotton in China.Test material was the cotton which was transferred the chitinase and glucanase bivalent disease-resistance gene（Chi＋Glu）to,the contrast materials were receptor＇China Cotton Research Instituteand 24＇＇（CCRI 24＇）and＇Ganmian 11＇.Observed and compared the reproductive traits,yield traits,biological characteristics of above-mentioned materials.The results showed that growth periods of disease-resistance cotton were extended 11 days and 3 days respectively,compared with＇CCRI 24＇and ＇Ganmian 11＇.By least significant differenceLSD test,the double disease-resistant gene（Chi＋Glu）made the height of cotton grow slowly,the influence of that was significant in the seeding stage and notable in the bud stage,but the growth was faster in boll stage and the effect was significant.The bell,flower and bud growth retardation,the first fruit branch forward,and these influence were significant.While some effects were very significantly,included that the height of the first fruiting branch reduced,ruit branch pitch widening,seed cotton and lint yield raised,the germination rate increased（upward 13%）.The influence to the following traits were well,including boll weight,seed cotton weight,lint weight,Seed index,lint index,the number of sterile seeds and lint percentage.Boll shell weight,the weight of sterile seeds were worse.Some indexes of cotton fibers were also effected notablely,for example,the upper half of cotton fibers was shorter,uniformity index and micronaire were increased,elongatio and breaking strength were decreased,spinning consistency index was lower.The test conclusion showed that the effects of the Chi and Glu gene to the above biological characteristics of cotton were significant and very significant,particularly on the impact of yield traits were better significantly（seed cotton yield increased 1491.9 kg/hm2）.