云贵高原花生生产与品质特征

The Characteristics of Production and Quality of Peanut in Yungui Plateau

为了引导和深化云贵高原花生生产的区域分工、高效合理利用农业资源和提升花生产品质量提供理论依据,基于GIS技术和数理统计方法,对云贵高原花生生产与品质特征进行了研究。结果表明:该区花生种植主要分布在南盘江、金沙江、怒江、乌江及清水江流域海拔1600m以下的丘陵、坝区与河谷盆地;生产上,种植品种单一,种性退化严重,栽培管理粗放,单产水平低,花生深加工能力弱;受生态条件所致,花生品质属食用中蛋白、油用低脂肪花生区,O/L比值普遍偏高;在空间分布上,该区东部、西南部花生蛋白质和脂肪含量偏高,O/L比值由东向西、由北向南逐渐增大,同时,花生品质与海拔高程有关,海拔愈高,品质指标值愈低。垂直高差大的地形和立体的气候条件影响着花生品质质量。

In order to guide and deepen the regional division of peanut production in Yungui Plateau,use of agricultural resources reasonably and efficiently and provide the theoretical basis for improving the quality of peanut products,the characteristics of production and quality of peanut in Yungui Plateau were studied based on GIS technology and the methods of mathematical statistics.The result showed that peanut planting in the Yungui Plateau was mainly distributed in the hilly areas bellow 1600 meters,the dam areas and the valley basins which belonged to the valley of Nanpan river,Jinsha river,Nu river,Wu river and Qingshui river.In the peanut production there were some problems such as the single planting species of peanut,serious degradation of species characteristics,management extensive,low unit yield and weak of peanut processing.Influenced by ecological conditions,the qualities of peanut belong to the region in which the peanut had the medium protein content in consumption and low fat content in oil,furthermore the O/L of the peanut was relatively high.In the spatial distribution,the protein content and fat content of peanut was higher in the east and in the north-west of the region,and the O/L of the peanut increased from east to west and was the same trend from north to south.Meanwhile the peanut quality was related to the elevation,and the value of the quality indexes decreased with the increasing altitude.The peanut qualities have affected by large vertical terrain elevations and stereoscopic climate.