甘肃麦积山风景区红光熊蜂的生物学观察

Bionomics of Bombus ignitus Smith in Maijishan Scenic Spot of Gansu Province

红光熊蜂(Bombus ignitus Smith)是甘肃东南部山地植物的主要传粉昆虫之一。2007-2010年在甘肃麦积山风景区的调查结果表明:红光熊蜂在该景区的石门山、仙人崖和净土寺等地分布较多;该种熊蜂在该景区1年1代,早春3月中旬越冬蜂王开始出蛰,5月初第一批工蜂出房,随后蜂群逐渐发展壮大,雄蜂和子代蜂王的出房时间主要在7月初到8月底之间,初秋时节蜂群开始衰败,10月底天气变冷,交配过的蜂王又进入休眠状态;在该景区,红光熊蜂年采访植物涉及到17科59种,在不同季节,红光熊蜂主要访问对象有所不同;该种熊蜂人工繁育成群率较高,蜂群群势强大,具有重要的开发利用价值。

Bombus ignitus Smith is one of the main pollinators for mountain flowers in south-east of Gansu Province.The survey from 2007 to 2010 in the Maijishan scenic spots of Gansu Province indicated that the highest abundance ofB.ignitus for the region was in Shimenshan,Xianrenya and Jingtusi.B.ignitus had one generation a year in nature in the region.Queens emerged from the hibernation in middle March,the first batch of workers emerged in early May,drones and young queens emerged mainly from early July to late August,the colonies would decline in the early fall,the mated progeny queens put themselves at hibernation in the late October for another life cycle.The bumblebee food-plant records from the region included 59 plant species,belonging to 17 families,the most important food plants were different between the seasons.Rearing trials showed thatB.ignitus had large colonies,with more than 140 workers,360 drones and 30 young queens produced per colony.Success in rearing colonies from queens was over 60%,demonstrating that the species had the potential to be mass-reared with important applied value for crop pollination in greenhouses.