47个果梅品种开花生物学特性和花粉萌发率比较

Comparison of Biological Traits of Flowers and the Rate of Pollen Germination among 47 Prunus mume Cultivars

为在生产上保护果梅正常开花,保障优质高产稳产提供理论参考,以及为进一步开展花粉萌发率研究和杂交育种工作奠定基础,笔者对47个不同的中外果梅品种开花生物学特性进行调查研究,包括花香、不完全花比例及花粉量的调查,同时测定花粉的萌发率,并对各组数据进行相关的统计学分析。结果表明：在所调查的品种中,中国品种整体上比日本品种香气浓郁;不完全花比例一般占总花量的1.17%~59.65%;不同果梅品种间花粉量有很大差异,变化值0~1265;品种间花粉萌发率存在很大差异,最高84.76%,最低为0;花粉量与花粉萌发率之间存在显著的相关性。不完全花比例高、花期易受低温危害是造成果梅产量低而不稳的主要原因。试验表明,不同果梅品种不完全花比例、花粉量以及花粉萌发率存在显著差异。

For protecting a normal reference for bloom,guaranteeing high-quality produce to provide a theory of Prunus mume on the production,and lay a foundation for further research pollen germination and cross-fertilize.The authors have investigated biological traits of flowers and pollen germination among 47Prunus mume cultivars,including aroma,the rate of incomplete flower and pollen quantity and measured the rate of pollen germination.Subsequently,the authors have got some results as follows through the correlative statistics analysis：Chinese cultivars’aroma is more fragrant than Japanese cultivars’;the rate of incomplete flower covers 1.17%-59.65%;there was an obvious diversity among the pollen quantity of different cultivars,and the coverage was from 0 to 1265;there was an obvious diversity among the rate of pollen germination of different cultivars,the highest rate was 84.76%and the lowest rate was 0;there was an obvious correlativity between pollen quantity and the rate of pollen germination.Incomplete flowers occupy a high proportion and flowering periods were easily endangered by low temperature,which resulted in Prunus mume yield low and unsteady.This experiment showed that different species of Prunus mume presented a marked diversity among the rate of incomplete flower,pollen quantity and germination.