草鱼种质资源研究进展

Advances in Studies on Genetic Resources of Grass Carp

草鱼是世界上产量最高的养殖鱼类,也是中国很有特色的养殖对象,已经有1700多年的养殖历史。草鱼自然分布于中国、俄罗斯和保加利亚,但先后被引进到93个国家。在中国主要分布于长江、珠江和黑龙江三大水系。此文简要总结草鱼形态学、细胞遗传学、生化遗传学、分子遗传学及基因组学等方面的主要研究成果,归纳草鱼不同种群在形态、分子等层次上的遗传差异,并从草鱼种质资源研究以及草鱼种质资源的合理利用等角度提出了一些建设性的意见,为草鱼种质资源的保护和合理利用提供参考资料。

The herbivorous grass carp （Ctenopharyngodon idellus）,one of the highest production of aquaculture fish in the world ,is a special one for freshwater aquaculture in China.This species has been cultured for more than 1700 years.The species is distributed in China,Russia and Bulgaria,which is introduced to 93 countries.In China,the species is distributed in Yangtse River,Zhujiang River and Heilongjiang River.In this paper,the author summarizes the major results in study on genetic characters of morphology,cytogenetics,enzymatic genetics ,molecular genetics and genomics in grass carp,including the genetic differences in morphology and molecular genetics levels.And some suggestions about studies on genetic resources and reasonable utilization of genetic resources are given for grass carp to protect and use genetic resources of grass carp.