明清时期农民兼业化趋向研究

On Tendency toward Peasants’ Doing Part-time Jobs in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

中国传统经济条件下,农民主要依靠传统的农业经济为生,自给自足的小农经济是传统农业社会家庭经济的特点。一旦农业经济的收入不足以维持家庭生计,农民就会考虑从事其他职业,这种行为称为兼业化行为。明清时期处于封建社会晚期,资本主义萌芽已经出现,正处于社会转型期,小农的行为趋向正反映了该时期的历史特点。农民兼业的动因出于压力、需求等因素;而农民的兼业行为一方面对于农民自身的生活条件改善和自身观念的变化带来影响,另一方面对稳定社会秩序和促进社会经济发展等具有重要作用。正确理解明清时期农民的兼业化行为,对于今天建设社会主义和谐社会、妥善解决农民问题具有一定历史借鉴意义。

In Chinese traditional economic conditions,the peasants mainly depended on the traditional agricultural economy and the self-sufficiency small peasant economy was the character of the traditional agricultural society.Once the agricultural economy income did not support their families,then the peasants would consider about doing other occupations,and the behavior of concurrent-business being called part-time jobs.Because the Ming and Qing dynasties was in the late feudal society,there sprout the facts of the capitalism,and the period was in the social transition period,and the peasants’behavior just reflected the character of the historical period.To understand the peasants’doing other jobs correctly has some meanings for the construction of a socialist harmonious society and proper solution of the peasants’problems nowadays.