拱形支架在煤矿巷道中的应用研究

Study on application of arch support in coal mine roadway

针对目前一些高压力和不宜采用锚杆支护的巷道,为适应其支护的要求,研制开发了拱形支架。对于巷道支护,其着眼点应放在充分利用和发挥岩层的自承能力上。对本文的拱形支架支护,根据力法原理,采用曲梁模型进行了支架系统的力学分析,得出其最大承载能力;通过与直梁支架承载能力相比较,得到了拱形支架承载能力系数与支架半径和巷道跨度的影响关系。同时为了使巷道断面更为合理,对支架构件轮廓曲线进行了优化,以使支架构件的内力和变形最为合理。结果证明:拱形支架承载能力比直梁梯形支架的承载能力有大幅度提高,其半径和跨度直接影响着承载能力,从而有效解决了软岩巷道难以支护的问题。另外,从合理拱轴线的角度,得出在均布等压的巷道中,选用圆弧形支架构件进行支护,能最大程度地发挥支架的力学性能。

For some current high-pressure roadway with improper usage of the roadwa y bolting,in order to meet with the requirement of roadway support,the arch sup port was newly developed.Aimed at roadway support,the focus should be full util ization of the self-supporting ability of rock.According to the principle of m e chanical strength,the maximal load ca rrying capability of the arch support was calculated by adopting mechanical model of curved beam based on its mechanical analysis,and relationship between beari ng capacity coefficient of arch support and radius and span of roadway was gained by supporting capability comparision of curved beam and straight beam.At the s ame time,in order to make more reasonable roadway,support component contour cu rves were optimized in order to get the most reasonable internal force a nd deformation.Results showed that ： the coefficient of supporting competence of arch support was improved through using of comparision of supporting competence b etween the curved beam and straight beam,and its radius and span directly influ enced bearing capacity,so it can solve the difficult issue of soft rock support ef fectively.In addition,from the angle of reasonable arch axis,the arch support selects semi-circular to maximize its mechanical properties in roadway with eq ual pressure.