聚烯烃工业粉尘静电爆炸的危险与应对策略

Discussion on hazard and countermeasures of static electric explosion by polyolefin industrial dust

随着我国聚烯烃粉体生产的迅猛发展,粉体生产过程中的静电爆炸事故也相应增多。该文介绍了国外粉尘静电爆炸研究的进展和国内粉尘静电爆炸事故的主要现象。近期国外的研究特点主要是逐渐采用工业规模的实验装置取代实验室的基础研究,着重开展了料仓放电的危险研究和与放电燃爆有关的基础研究,包括安全评价和工业控制条件的推荐研究。国内粉尘静电爆炸事故主要存在的现象有设计缺欠或不合理,装置扩能改造时忽视了脱挥或通风的配套改造,处理不合格料或过渡时应急处理不当,操作失误或不规范,破坏料仓通风控制,料位计选型不当,增加高能放电引燃几率。针对分析出的问题和现象,文章提出了查清运行装置的具体事故隐患,进行防止聚烯烃料仓粉尘静电爆炸的可接受研究和可操作性研究,开展粉尘静电爆炸的危险教育,提高员工的安全意识和应急处理能力等应对策略。

With the rapid development of polyolefin powder production in China,the static electric explosion accidents during the polyolefin powder production process occurred more frequently.In this paper,the overseas research progress of static electric explosion by dust and the main phenomena of domestic static electric explosion accidents by dust were introduced.The characteristics of overseas research were mainly to gradually replace the fundamental research in laboratory by the experimental devices in industrial scale,the research on hazard of silo discharge and the fundamental research about discharge blasting were emphasized,including the recommended study on safety evaluation and industry control condition.The main existing phenomena of domestic dust static electric explosion accidents included： lacking of design or unreasonable design;ignoring the assorted transformation of devolatilization or ventilation when conducting capacity expansion transformation of devices;disposing unqualified material or improper emergency disposal when transition;improper or non-standard operation;damaging the ventilation control of silo;wrong option of level indicator;increase the probability of high-energy discharge ignition.Aiming at the analyzed problems and phenomena,the countermeasures were proposed,such as examine the specific accident hidden trouble of running devices,conducting acceptability study and operability study to prevent static electric explosion by dust in polyolefin silo,performing hazard education of static electric explosion by dust,and improve the safety consciousness and emergency disposal capability of employees.