盆栽梨树的耗水规律

Study on Water Consumption Rule of Potted Pear

为探讨梨树在不同土壤水分条件下和不同季节的耗水规律,以4年生盆栽黄冠梨为试材,用称重法研究了黄冠梨在5—10月不同土壤水分条件下的日耗水量,分析了耗水量与气象因子及叶面积的相关性。结果表明:在适宜水分条件下梨树的耗水量显著大于中度亏缺和重度亏缺条件下的耗水量。梨树叶幕形成阶段日耗水量较小,在0.25～0.58L/日。从旬耗水量的变化来看,以6月上旬耗水量最大,达到10.1L/旬,一天中的耗水高峰出现在10:00—14:00。在生长季的中期随土壤水分含量的下降,光合速率显著降低,而其他因子没有显著差异。通过回归分析表明,日平均气温是影响耗水量的主要因素,其次是空气相对湿度和风速。耗水量与气温(显著水平P=0.0075)、风速(P=0.0135)、梨树叶面积(相关系数r=0.9516)均达到显著正相关;与空气湿度呈显著负相关(P=0.0462)。认为梨树的发育阶段、土壤水分含量、枝叶量、气温、空气湿度及风速是制订梨树耗水模型的基础。

In order to study the water consumption characteristics of pear in different soil moisture conditions and different seasons,using potted cultural Huangguan pear of four-year old as the experiment materials,water consumption of different soil water status pear（Pyrus bretschneidery Rehd） was studied by weighting method. The correlation coefficient between the consumption amount and the climatic element and area of leaf was analyzed. The results showed that adequate soil water treatment was significantly higher than moderate and severe drought treatment in water consumption. The water consumption during the canopy formation was small（0.25-0.58 L/day） . Early June was the biggest（10.1 L/ten days） among every ten days. The summit in a day was at 10：00-14：00. With the decline in soil moisture,photosynthetic rate of pear was significantly lower in the mid growing season of pear,other factors were not significantly different. The regression analysis results showed that average air temperature was the biggest influence factor. There were distinguished positive correlation between the water consumption and average air temperature（P =0.0075） ,wind speed（P =0.0135） ,leaf area on pear（r =0.9516） ,distinguished negative correlation between the water consumption and air humidity（P = 0.0462） . It is suggested that development phase of pear,soil water,leaf area,air temperature,air humidity and wind speed are the bases to make the consumption water model of pear.