杂交中稻氮肥高效利用与高产组合的植株形态特征研究

A Study on Plant Shape Characters of Nitrogen High Efficiency and High Yield Varieties in Mid-season Hybrid Rice

以16个杂交中稻组合为材料,在正常施氮和不施氮条件下研究了杂交中稻氮肥利用率与组合间植株地上部形态特征的关系。结果表明,杂交中稻的氮肥利用率存在显著的基因型差异,氮吸收利用率和氮农学利用率是杂交水稻选择氮素高效利用与高产组合的重要指标。在22个形态因子中,同时对氮吸收利用率和氮农学利用率2项指标都起重要作用的性状有最高苗、粒叶比、倒3叶长度、倒3叶宽度和千粒重。在高产正常施氮水平条件下,杂交中稻氮高效利用与高产并重组合的植株主要形态特征是:分蘖力强,齐穗期粒叶比小,倒3叶长而窄,结实率、千粒重、生物产量和收割指数高,对氮吸收利用率和氮农学利用率的决定系数分别为93.99%和95.82%。可作为杂交后代及组合鉴定时田间选择的参考指标。

In this treatise, the plant shape characters of nitrogen high efficiency and high yield variety was investigated using 16 mid-season hybrid rice combinations in two levers nitrogen applied. The results showed that there were significant genotype differences in nitrogen efficiency, the nitrogen recovery efficiency and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency are the important index for selecting nitrogen high efficiency and high yield variety in mid-season hybrid rice. In 22 plant shape characters, there were significant effect of the maximum tillers, the grain Leaf ratio, the 1000-grain weight, the length and the width of 3 rd leaf from top on the nitrogen recovery efficiency and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency. In normal nitrogen applied condition for high grain yield, the plant shape characters for nitrogen high efficiency and high yield variety in mid-season hybrid rice were that the tillering ability, the seed setting percentage, the 1000-grain weight, the length of 3 rd leaf from top, the dry weight of biology yield and the harvest index all were relatively high, but the width of 3 rd leaf from top and the grain Leaf ratio at full panicle stage were relatively low, the R 2 of them on the nitrogen recovery efficiency and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency were 93.99% and 95.82%. Which can be used as an reference index of selecting mid-season hybrid variety for nitrogen high efficiency and high yield variety.